James Erwin Yeatman (August 27, 1818 – July 8, 1901) was a St. Louis banker born in Bedford County, Tennessee and moved to St. Louis in 1842. He was the owner of an iron foundry and founder of the Merchants’ Bank.  He also founded the Mercantile Library in 1846, and served as the library’s first president. In the 1850s, Yeatman was inspired by a teacher of the blind named Eli W. Whelan to found the Missouri Institute for the Education of the Blind. In 1853, along with Dr. William Greenleaf Eliot, he founded Washington University in St. Louis.

A patron of art and music, Yeatman founded and became president in 1859 of the St. Louis Philharmonic Society. He then founded a Provident Association to integrate the city’s charities. He made it a policy to investigate people to determine whether they should receive relief.

During the Missouri secession crisis Yeatman and other city leaders met with the mayor and decided that General Nathaniel Lyon was endangering the city and state with his actions at Camp Jackson. They chose Yeatman to send to Washington in order to convince President Lincoln to remove Lyon—a task in which he was unsuccessful. Yeatman was an ardent Unionist. During the Civil War he helped to found and became president of the Western Sanitary Commission. The commission established hospitals around the region and raised money to provide care to wounded soldiers. In 1862, Yeatman again headed to Washington to speak to Lincoln. This time he was advocating the banishment of Rev. Samuel McPheeters of the Pine Street Church in St. Louis for his Southern sympathies. Yeatman was more successful this time as Lincoln upheld McPheeters’s banishment, but cautioned that the U.S. government should not take over and run any churches. After the war, Yeatman served on the first board of the St. Louis Children’s Hospital and of Bellefontaine Cemetery.